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I love you - ArtByBigVee

Sources


https://omniglot.com/language/numbers/amharic.htm
https://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwes....t/wikispeedia/wpcd/w
https://www.matematica.pt/en/f....aq/history-number-pi
https://www.bing.com/search?pglt=41&q=value+of+pi&cvid=c59500c4709742b99f9d937e834638ca&aqs=edge..69i57j6j0l7.3925j0j1&FORM=ANNTA1&PC=U531
https://www.wowstem.org/post/a....ncient-mathematics-t
https://math.williams.edu/egyptian-fractions/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_fraction
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_numerals
https://metricviews.uk/2013/06..../07/was-the-metre-in
https://jfynet.org/5086/genera....l/celebrating-black-
https://mathshistory.st-andrew....s.ac.uk/Biographies/
https://monoskop.org/images/f/....fc/Eglash_Ron_Africa
https://egyptianwisdomcenter.o....rg/the-comprehensive
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBmWXmn11YE
https://elective.collegeboard.....org/black-computer-s

Zeinab Badawi crystallised how vital it is to understand oneself and one’s history to move forward with pride. Her talk galvanised the TEDxEuston community and shares the rich history of Africa that has often been veiled and hidden for so long. Africa has the most extended history, and in her words: “if you are not African you are an African import”.

Zeinab Badawi was born in Sudan and moved to London when she was two years old. A graduate of Oxford University and a holder of two honorary doctorates, Zeinab has extensive experience in television and radio. She presents BBC’s Hard Talk, BBC World TV’s Global Questions and World Debates and has produced and presented- through her own production company- many programmes, including the tv- series of African history in association with UNESCO. She has won many awards, chairs the Royal African Society, and is/has been on the board of among others, the British Council and the Overseas Development Institute.

Intro music ‘Castle Poles’, created by DJ Rachael. Find out more about African ideas worth spreading at www.tedxeuston.com and sign up to our mailing list http://eepurl.com/d8zKn Zeinab was born in Sudan and moved to London when she was two years old. A graduate of Oxford University and a holder of two honorary doctorates, Zeinab has extensive experience in television and radio. She presents BBC’s Hard Talk, BBC World TV’s Global Questions and World Debates and has produced and presented- through her own production company- many programmes, including the definitive tv series of African history in association with UNESCO. She has won many awards, chairs the Royal African Society, and is/has been on the board of among others, the British Council and the Overseas Development Institute. This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx

Claim your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/historydose. Start your free trial TODAY so you can watch “China’s Forbidden City: the Center of the World” and the rest of MagellanTV’s history collection: https://www.magellantv.com/watch/chinas-forbidden-city?type=e&episode=the-center-of-the-world
—---------------
Booming cities on the eastern coast of Africa come in contact with dynastic China in the 8th century. For centuries, rumors and sporadic contact bring the two distant worlds ever closer. Then, in the 15th century, Zheng He leads a massive expedition to Africa. This is what he saw.
—----------------

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SOURCES

Jinyuan, G. (1984). China and Africa: The Development of Relations over Many Centuries. African Affairs. African Affairs, 83(331), 241–250. https://doi.org/10.2307/721561

Chirikure, S. (2014). Land and Sea Links: 1500 years of connectivity between Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean Rim regions, AD 700 to 1700. African Archaeological Review, 31(4), 705–724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-014-9171-6

Dashu, Q. (2022, April 9). An investigation of Chinese ceramics discovered in Kenya and major conclusions. ART.ZIP. Retrieved August 31, 2022, from https://www.artzip.org/investi....gation-chinese-ceram

Levathes, L. (1994). When China ruled the seas: The treasure fleet of the dragon throne, 1405-1433. Oxford University Press.
A key secondary source for Zheng He's voyages.

Nuwer, R. (2013, March 15). Six centuries ago, Chinese explorers left this coin behind in Africa. Smithsonian.com. Retrieved August 31, 2022, from https://www.smithsonianmag.com..../smart-news/six-cent

Smidt, W. G. C. (2001). A Chinese in the Nubian and Abyssinian Kingdoms (8th century). Chroniques Yéménites, (9). https://doi.org/10.4000/cy.33

Snow, P. (1989). The Star Raft: China's encounter with Africa. Cornell University Press.
This work provided much of the information on Chinese-African contact prior to Zheng He.

Sudnik, M. (2021, February 23). Cultural Exchange in the tang dynasty - the journey of a tomb figure. Smithsonian's National Museum of Asian Art. Retrieved August 31, 2022, from https://asia.si.edu/learn/for-....educators/teaching-c

Tagliacozzo, E. (2022). From China to Africa: Prolegomenon. In In Asian waters: Oceanic worlds from Yemen to Yokohama (pp. 25–51). essay, Princeton University Press.

In this episode, Zeinab Badawi visits Ghana and sees how momentum in the trans Atlantic slave trade led to competition for enslaved Africans between European nations who built numerous slave forts along West Africa’s Atlantic coast. She hears about the inhumane conditions in which slaves awaiting shipment were kept and how women were selected and subjected to rape by their captors. Also what do African academics believe were the main reasons behind abolition and why did many Africans return to the continent such as to Liberia? And how were they received by local communities?

Subscribe: http://bit.ly/subscribetoafrica
Website: https://www.bbc.com/africa
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/bbcnewsafrica/
Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/bbcafrica/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/bbcafrica/

The history of humanity is filled with oppression, dominance, war, and slavery. Since the beginning of time, people in different parts of the world have forced their fellow humans into slavery.

The tale of the Atlantic Slave Trade is the history of millions of Africans who were forced out of their communities by European slave traders and shipped across the Atlantic in conditions of great cruelty.

👑 The Root:
Learn about the real black history that they never taught us in school so you can discover who you truly are and escape the matrix. Click here ➡️ https://blackcultureunlocked.com/products/theroot

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Black Culture Unlocked is a movement focused on bringing the raw truth and real history to the culture. Our mission is to write our own stories and unlock the minds of the culture to become free thinkers. Subscribe and turn on post notifications to join the movement!

Sources:
https://erlc.com/resource-libr....ary/articles/5-facts
https://www.statista.com/topic....s/7505/transatlantic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....Atlantic_slave_trade
https://www.thegospelcoalition.....org/article/9-thing
https://www.liverpoolmuseums.o....rg.uk/history-of-sla
https://www.blackhistorymonth.....org.uk/article/secti
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/....history-resources/te
https://www.southwales.ac.uk/c....ourses/ma-history-by
https://www.theschoolrun.com/h....omework-help/atlanti

#blackhistory #history

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Documentary on the ancient history of Black people.

Source
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC50036
https://www.reddit.com/r/Creat....ionNtheUniverse/s/1E
https://commons.wikimedia.org/....wiki/File:Younger_Dr
https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/m....ain-qimg-84f9056f68c
https://www.smithsonianmag.com..../smart-news/traces-1
https://www.researchgate.net/p....ublication/24378389_
https://imgur.com/7294fa26-6fc....6-401c-962e-fa5523f8
https://journals.plos.org/plos....one/article?id=10.13
https://lens.monash.edu/@scien....ce/2022/07/15/138486
https://eos.org/research-spotl....ights/south-pole-ice
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse..../some-amazing-facts-
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bioscien....ces/news/2023/mar/an
https://www.ancientpages.com/2....020/07/31/mystery-of
https://mrimhotep.org/dna-anal....ysis-reveals-unexpec
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bioscien....ces/news/2023/mar/an
https://aalbc.com/tc/topic/978....4-the-world-should-r
https://rumble.com/v3wkbay-anc....ient-chinese-cave-to

https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UC1KJ0mdXuuI3gJdms
https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UC1KJ0mdXuuI3gJdms
https://worldmapwithcountries.....net/wp-content/uploa
https://www.worldhistory.org/u....ploads/images/326.jp



#buddah #blackbuddah


Huge thanks to:
​⁠@kamjiverse ​⁠@FehmiKrasniqi-Official ​⁠@mrimhotep

Yakub one of the most infamous figures in Black History and creator of White People

Finno-Korean Hyperwar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BdVZDI1GT34&t=2s

Thanks to my Patreons:
https://www.patreon.com/masterofroflness

Discord: https://discord.gg/g2A92uCz6N

Tik Tok: https://www.tiktok.com/@themasterofroflness

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Twitter: https://twitter.com/MasterRoflness

Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_of_Shabazz
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/....Yakub_(Nation_of_Isl

Song name:
Warhammer 40k Dark Crusade necron theme 2
Black Ops 2 Soundtrack: Savimbi's Pride

00:00 Tribe of Shabazz
00:33 Yakub

#black #history #memes #africa #african #yakub #white

In this video, delve into the fascinating history of the origins of black peoples, how the first black people and the first Africans emerged, exploring the figures of Cush, Misraim and Put. Discover how these African ancestors played a key role in shaping African civilizations and cultures, as well as spreading the black diaspora around the world. Through a concise and informative analysis, we will address the importance of cam son of noah and progenitor of the Hamites peoples, and how his lineage relates to black communities today. We will explore the rich cultural and historical diversity of these peoples. Throughout the video, we will examine the roots of these ancient African civilizations, tracing connections between their achievements and the historical developments that influenced the formation of black communities in different regions of the world. Join us on this journey of discovery as we unravel the origins of black people and celebrate the rich heritage and significant contribution they have made throughout history. This video is an opportunity to deepen knowledge about the roots of African peoples and promote a more comprehensive and respectful understanding of black cultures.

I'll leave here below some links to great amazon books on the subject covered in this video,If you like my content and want to shop on Amazon, please use my affiliate link. There is no additional cost to you, but this action helps support my channel, allowing me to continue producing free, quality content. Thank you very much for all the support! see you soon

Origin of black people:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HStxY5wnv0&list=PLrWgcVoDxGgTvCT82XWz2am-681-cArpt&index=2&t=20s

Origin of White peoples:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U9oU5UAcC70&list=PLrWgcVoDxGgTvCT82XWz2am-681-cArpt&index=3

Origin of Asian peoples:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InTij9UzGCo&list=PLrWgcVoDxGgTvCT82XWz2am-681-cArpt&index=4&t=3s

📚 Reading Recommendations Related to the Topics Covered in our Videos:

🔵 Book of Enoch (Hardcover):
One of the most intriguing apocryphal texts, now available in a beautiful hardcover edition. Discover the mysteries and prophecies contained in the Book of Enoch. link: https://amzn.to/3pxPkyw

🔵 Book of Jubilees:
Explore the Book of Jubilees, an ancient work that complements the biblical narrative. Discover more about the religious festivals, laws and historical events of that era. link: https://amzn.to/3JJVC50

🔵 Testament of Solomon:
Discover the teachings and wisdom of King Solomon, recorded in the Testament of Solomon. Discover secrets about magic, demons and the battle between good and evil. link: https://amzn.to/3XDtztD

🔵 Kindle (eBook Reader):
For those who prefer to read digitally, I recommend the Kindle, a practical and portable device for reading eBooks. Access your favorite books conveniently. link: https://amzn.to/3JKdcWp
🔵 The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Bible:
Explore the fascinating relationship between the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Bible. Discover how these ancient documents help you better understand the history and formation of the holy scriptures. link: https://amzn.to/3PHa5CD
#bible #cam #africa #history

Glorious Black History Moors, The Blacks Who Ruled Spain

The view that Black Africans were historically viewed as a threat is a complex issue with multiple factors. One significant factor is the history of colonialism and the European conquest of Africa. European powers colonised Africa for its natural resources, and the perception of Africans as "primitive" or "uncivilised" was used to justify the exploitation and subjugation of African peoples.

Another factor is the transatlantic slave trade, which saw millions of Africans forcibly taken from their homes and transported to the Americas as slaves. The dehumanization of Africans as property and the violent treatment they received from their slave owners further reinforced the perception of Africans as a threat.

Additionally, racism and prejudice against Black people have been pervasive throughout history and continue to be a problem today. This bias has often led to the assumption that Black people are inherently violent or dangerous, perpetuating the stereotype of the "angry Black man" or "aggressive Black woman."

In short, the perception of Black Africans as a threat has deep roots in history, including colonialism, slavery, and ongoing prejudice and discrimination. It is a complex issue that requires a nuanced understanding of history and culture to fully grasp.
============================
Let's come together in reasonable dialogue to honor our ancestors and reclaim the world through an African lens. Join me as we delve into African history, culture, and worldview to better understand their relevance to our lives today. By sharing our thoughts and knowledge, we can pave the way for a new culture of awareness and reclaim our story. As the African Diaspora saying goes, "I am because we are, and we are because I am."

#blackscreenstatus #blackamerica #slavery

Between the years 950 AD to 1290 AD, on the Northern border of South Africa, traversing the conference of the Shashi – Limpopo Valley, which today divides Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa, existed an ancient African Kingdom, called Mapungubwe. From the Iron Age to present day this unique one-hour film explores the history and tells the story of this remarkable city.

Governed from an impenetrable hilltop, Mapungubwe became the business centre for all of Africa’s trade which, by this period, had become well integrated into the world economy and thrived on trade with the East Indian Trade Route attracting traders from as far afield as Persia, Arabia, India and China.

Mapungubwe was inhabited by successive groups of people for this 300 year period until it was mysteriously evacuated. No one knows for sure why, but in 1290 Mapungubwes’ inhabitants left taking with them the memories and stories of Mapungubwes' early history. In this film archaeologists and historians take us on a journey through a thousand years of untold African history revealing the controversial discovery of this ancient site and its golden artifacts.

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Dr. Roy Casagranda covers the history of Apartheid in South Africa.
This talk is dedicated to Nelson Mandela and is released on the tenth anniversary of his death.

Can a state be a democracy if it excludes a large segment or even the majority of it's population from citizenship? From the right to vote?

Sudan is one of the world’s last frontiers. Once though this vast desert land was the home of an advanced & mysterious civilisation. An ancient kingdom that was the glory of Africa. A kingdom that once ruled Egypt. A kingdom known as Kush. David Adams travels down the Nile from Lake Nasser to Khartoum in search of the mysterious kingdom of pyramid builders and sun worshippers on a journey into the land of the Black Pharaohs.

Odyssey is your journey into the world of Ancient History; from the dawn of Mesopotamia to the fall of Rome. We'll be bringing you only the best documentaries that journey into the mysteries and ruins of worlds long lost.

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African Decolonisation Explained
The Poll: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCYb6v1AlX6prKl83D
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/Historyscope

Social Media

Discord: https://discord.gg/JYCYPvqba6
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My music playlist while animating: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLSxw_OLJxQj

Further Reading (WARNING: SHOCKING CONTENT): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Congo

SOURCES:

State of Africa - A History of the Continent Since Independence - 9780857203885
https://www.britannica.com/pla....ce/Southern-Africa/I
https://www.britannica.com/pla....ce/western-Africa/De
https://www.britannica.com/topic/decolonization
https://www.britannica.com/top....ic/Western-coloniali
https://www.officeholidays.com..../holidays/seychelles
https://www.jstor.org/stable/41802968?seq=1

The Sumerians, known as the "Black-headed people /Modern Day Indo-Arabs & Ethiopians," represent one of the most ancient multicultural civilizations on record. They are believed to be descended from the 12 Tribes of Israel, encompassing African, Indo-European, and Asiatic people, Sumer was a multiracial and multicultural and integrated civilization of African & Indo-European people which thrived in southern Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq, which was historically part of the African continent, from around 4500 to 1900 BCE, however conquerors have notably rearranged maps to separate territories and people of Africa & The Middle East. This civilization is credited with pioneering many achievements, including the development of one of the world's earliest writing systems, cuneiform, as well as significant advances in mathematics, astronomy, architecture, governance, and unfortunately, slavery between Pre-Sumerians (African-Asiatics) and Post-Sumerians (Arabic-Asiatics/Indo European).

Following them, the Post-Sumerians, referred to as the "Brown-headed people," conquered the early regions of the Pre-Sumerians and established territories that split the connected African continent into the Middle Eastern and Arabian Peninsula territories. When they were once a fully multiracial and multicultural people, the Hittites (Post-Sumerians) separated themselves and other "Black-headed Sumerians" out of their home regions. They established trade routes that could have extended through the Arabian Peninsula to the Horn of Africa. These routes facilitated the exchange of goods like ivory, gold, and exotic animals from Asia Minor, to Africa.

Africans were the predecessors of both the Mesopotamian and Egyptian kingdoms, which were later invaded by their ancestral cousins... Indo-Europeans/Hitties. Both Africans and Indo-Europeans are Sumerians and Egyptians due to invading each other's territories, enslaving each other (Exodus) intermarriages, interbreeding and becoming a integrated but still hostile/racist society to each other.

References & Research:

Sapiens: History of Humankind: https://a.co/d/eRML5kf

Earth Chronicles: https://a.co/d/5vycw8w

The Lost Book Of Enki: https://a.co/d/3oUT7H6

Twelfth Planet: https://a.co/d/0o2fp2

12 Tribes of Israel: https://www.britannica.com/top....ic/Twelve-Tribes-of-

Tribe of Judah (Hittites, Indo Europeons, Persian, Turkish, Post- Sumerians) etc

Tribe of Gad (Africans, Ethiopians, Nigerians, Pre-Sumerians) etc

Black Headed People: https://archive.org/details/th....e-lost-book-of-enki-

Zecharia Sitchin was a controversial author who proposed alternative theories about the Sumerians and their interactions with extraterrestrial beings. He claimed that Sumerian texts, particularly their mythologies and writings, contain evidence of ancient astronauts visiting Earth from a planet called Nibiru. Sitchin's interpretations suggest that these visitors genetically engineered humans to serve as a labor force. They believed in multiple gods (aliens) and not one god.

- CIA Reading Room - UFO Documents
CIA UFO Archives

-NASA - Archaeology, Anthropology, and Interstellar Communication
NASA Report

-Robert Morning Sky - Terra Papers

-Compendium of Emerald Tablets - Billy Carson

-UFOs, Ancient Texts Such as Egyptian Book of the Dead, and Ancient Civilizations' Communities
Bashar, Dolores Cannon, Billy Carson, Elena Danaan Bob Lazar, Z.Sitchin, Steve Greer, Graham Hancock, Ancient Aliens, Akashic Records, and Much More.

Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
2:11 Early History of Sumerian Civilization
2:52 Cuneiform Writing/ Ancient Clay Tablets
3:55 City of Ur
5:09 Archeologist Findings of Ancient Sumerians
6:30 Multi-cultures of Sumer & City Structures /
9:30 Annunaki-Mesopotamian Gods / International Trade
13:41 Middle History of Sumerian Civilization
16:40 Invention of Astrology, Calendar, & Astronomy
19:40 The Regions Of Sumer / Agriculture, Economics / Legal Systems
24:27 Physical features of Early humans/Sumerians/Vedic Texts
27:30 The Third Region of Sumer Invasions
32:00 Late period of Sumer
35:45 Sargon of Akkad
36:44 Poem By Enheduanna

For Researchers:
For those seeking further references and scientific resources, the following databases are recommended:

Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL): Link
Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI): Link
Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary (PSD): Link

Join the Conversation:
For exclusive content and discussions, join our community.

Copyright Disclaimer:
Astral Legends Film and TV Company retains all rights to its copyrighted materials. Please give credit to Astral legends on any reposts, Any unauthorized use with no credit of Astral Legends or reproduction is subject to copyright action. For more information, please refer to our copyright disclaimer.

It's Black History Month, so it's about time we talked about the recuperation of Black radicals like Dr. King and Nelson Mandela. Everyone and their mother likes to claim MLK as their own, and use his words as a rhetorical weapon, but what did he actually believe? This one could have been so much longer, but I guess that just leaves room for a part two in the future. Hope you enjoy!

Whitewashing 101: How The Powerful Rewrite Black History – Second Thought
SUBSCRIBE HERE: http://bit.ly/2nFsvTS

New video every Friday!

Citations and Further Reading:

Radicals Video 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NS29ppULSZE

Reagan Policies
https://www.thenation.com/arti....cle/archive/remember

Reagan and MLK Day
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5705.2005.00271.x

MLK Speech
https://youtu.be/6sT9Hjh0cHM?t=1391

MLK in Textbooks
https://static1.squarespace.co....m/static/5948733cf5e
http://45.114.134.178:9000/dig....i/MP03/B1L3-0034.pdf
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1296482828?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true&imgSeq=1

MLK Most Hated Man in America
https://www.iestork.org/martin....-luther-king-jr-the-

Other MLK Sources
http://america.aljazeera.com/o....pinions/2014/1/marti
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30ui1x-eKIw
https://theintercept.com/2017/....10/08/the-sanitizing
https://www.theatlantic.com/id....eas/archive/2021/09/

Mandela in Textbooks/Return to Nonviolence/Radical Mandela
https://ukzn-dspace.ukzn.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10413/11880/Van%20Niekerk_Adrian_Lionel_2013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://www.sahistory.org.za/a....rticle/mandela-and-s

Mandela Terrorist Label
https://www.nbcnews.com/news/w....orld/us-government-c

Reagan and Carter’s Policies During Apartheid
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.442.1228&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Malcolm X
https://teachingamericanhistor....y.org/document/at-th

Black Panther Party
https://time.com/5937647/black....-panther-medical-cli

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Business Email: secondthoughtchannel@gmail.com

Between the years 950 AD to 1290 AD, on the Northern border of South Africa, traversing the conference of the Shashi – Limpopo Valley, which today divides Botswana, Zimbabwe and South Africa, existed an ancient African Kingdom, called Mapungubwe. From the Iron Age to present day this unique one-hour film explores the history and tells the story of this remarkable city.

Governed from an impenetrable hilltop, Mapungubwe became the business centre for all of Africa’s trade which, by this period, had become well integrated into the world economy and thrived on trade with the East Indian Trade Route attracting traders from as far afield as Persia, Arabia, India and China.

Mapungubwe was inhabited by successive groups of people for this 300 year period until it was mysteriously evacuated. No one knows for sure why, but in 1290 Mapungubwes’ inhabitants left taking with them the memories and stories of Mapungubwes' early history. In this film archaeologists and historians take us on a journey through a thousand years of untold African history revealing the controversial discovery of this ancient site and its golden artifacts.

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Sudan is one of the world’s last frontiers. Once though this vast desert land was the home of an advanced & mysterious civilisation. An ancient kingdom that was the glory of Africa. A kingdom that once ruled Egypt. A kingdom known as Kush. David Adams travels down the Nile from Lake Nasser to Khartoum in search of the mysterious kingdom of pyramid builders and sun worshippers on a journey into the land of the Black Pharaohs.

Odyssey is your journey into the world of Ancient History; from the dawn of Mesopotamia to the fall of Rome. We'll be bringing you only the best documentaries that journey into the mysteries and ruins of worlds long lost.

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African History Egypt, Ethiopia & Sudan
A look into history in the sand may hold the key to unlocking past.

In this episode we combine some of the most educational and entertaining lessons from the Know Thyself Docuseries, added bonus footage and updated the script. Tap in with us in the spirit of knowledge, wisdom and understanding.

Know Thyself The Docuseries:
► Episode One: Stolen Legacy: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fH8cSxfGiuA&t=0s

0:27 Intro/Whitwashing
10:20 Narmer Unites Upper & Lower Kemet
12:14 Origins of Egyptology
19:23 Fraudulent Nefertiti Bust
25:38 Whitewashing of ancient North Africa
27:48 The Great Diop vs Dr. Hawass
30:53 Admixture from the Delta Region
32:53 The Green Sahara
38:25 The Napta Playa Stone Circle
42:45 The Black Mummy of the Green Sahara
46:55 The Kushite Kings of Napata
52:45 Outro/Importance of African History

Official Website:
https://www.knowthyselfinstitute.com

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#BlackEgypt #Kemet #WhiteWashing #KnowThyself #Kemet #Kush #Punt #AncientEgypt #Nubia

Disclaimer: For educational purposes only

Slavery has existed in Africa for as long as recorded history. Ancient Egypt had slaves toiling away in its fields and on its monuments, ancient Carthage trafficked in slaves across the Mediterranean, and the Ethiopian kings of Aksum wrote proudly of the slaves they took in war. Slaves were also exported from Africa for centuries before Europeans arrived. The Trans-Saharan slave trade lasted for over a thousand years and dragged about 10 million people across the desert to be slaves in the Islamic world. The Indian Ocean also had a similarly long-lasting ocean-going slave trade with about 5 million ending up in slave ships, bound and branded for use in foreign lands. These slaves ended up as labourers, domestic servants, soldiers, or more. Male slaves in the Islamic world were typically castrated which meant that new slaves had to be regularly imported to maintain the population.

For this video, we’ll focus on Western Africa where the Atlantic slave trade was centred. West Africa was removed from the Indian Ocean trade and mostly secure from Islamic slave raids, but slavery was still a feature of life there long before the Atlantic slave trade began. A succession of powerful empires occupied the region which all rested on complex slave systems. The Ghanaian Empire from the 3rd to the 13th century began a tradition of powerful West African imperial states and built much of its wealth through trans-Saharan trading of slaves or goods acquired through slave labour.

The Salt, copper, and gold that made the Mali Empire and Mansa Musa fabulously wealthy were all extracted with slave labour. Domestic slavery was also common and Mali was known to import female slaves from the Mediterranean to act as domestic servants in the households of the elites. Most of the slaves were acquired through conquest of neighbouring kingdoms or tribal groups who were too weak to defend themselves from the organised imperial militaries. Successor empires like the Songhai, Jolof, and Kaabu inherited the social and economic structures of slavery and continued to acquire slaves as they scrambled to establish their own territories. Elites in these empires used slaves as a status symbol and ownership of slaves came to represent someone’s wealth and power.

#history #slavetrade #transatlanticslavetrade #historyofslavery

Music: Epidemic music

Sources:
C. Ebert, ‘European Competition and Cooperation in Pre-Modern Globalization: Portuguese West and Central Africa, 1500-1600,’ African Economic History, 36 (2008)

M. A. Gomez, African Dominion: A New History of Empire in Early and Medieval West Africa, (2018)

P. A. Igbafe, ‘Slavery and Emancipation in Benin, 1897-1945’, Journal of African History, 16/3, (1975)

J. Iliffe, Africa: History of a Continent, (2019)

R. Law, The Slave Coast of West Africa, 1550-1750: The impact of the Atlantic slave trade on an African society, (Clarendon 1991)

J. C. Miller, ‘The Dynamics of History in Africa and the Atlantic ‘Age of Revolutions’, in in D. Armitage and S. Subrahmanyam (eds.), The Age of Revolutions in Global Context, c. 1760-1840, (2010)

J. K. Thornton, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1800, (1999)

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